American Indian Communities in Minnesota

American Indian Communities in Minnesota - Footnotes

American Indian Communities in Minnesota
Footnotes

1. Rosenblatt, Judith, Indians in Minnesota, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (1985).

2. "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions," Bureau of Indian Affairs.

3. 18 U.S.C., section 1151.

4. "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions," Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Indians in Minnesota.

5. Black's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition and 100 Questions, 500 Nations, A Reporter's Guide to Native America, Native American Journalists Association, May 1998.

6. 100 Questions, 500 Nations, A Reporter's Guide to Native America.

7. "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions," Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Indians in Minnesota.

8. "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions," Bureau of Indian Affairs.

9. From the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) data base, U.S. Census Bureau. The map shows both American Indian Reservations identified by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the American Indian Trust Lands as identified by the BIA.

10. Tiller, Veronica Velarde; Tiller's Guide to Indian Country: Economic Profiles of American Indian Reservations, BowArrow Publishing Company, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1996).

11. Indians in Minnesota.

12. Red Lake Nation: Portraits of Ojibway Life and "Indian Affairs Council Annual Report," (1996 and 1997).

13. Anderson, Dennis; "Mille Lacs: A History. Chippewa History in Minnesota Dates to 1600s," Star Tribune, March 23, 1997.

14. Indians in Minnesota.

15. Pond, Samuel, and Anderson, Gary Clayton; The Dakota Sioux in Minnesota As They Were in 1834, Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul, (1986).

16. ^{Tiller's Guide to Indian Country}^.

17. Conrey, Phoebe; "1994 Primary Care Access Plan," Minnesota Department of Health, Office of Rural Health and Primary Care (January 1995).

18. Minnesota Planning, Office of the State Demographer, and U.S. Census Bureau; "Age, Race and Sex Estimates - 1990 through 1997."

19. Current Population Survey; "Race and Ethnicity Supplement,"(May 1995).

20. City of Minneapolis; State of the City 1996: A Statistical Portrait of Minneapolis, City Planning Department (January 1997).

21. "Statistics on American Indians in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Area."

22. City of Minneapolis; State of the City 1996: A Statistical Portrait of Minneapolis.

23. St. Paul Public Schools (1998).

24. Minneapolis Public Schools (1998).

25. Indian Affairs Council, Annual Report (1996).

26. United Way of Minneapolis Area; "The Face of the Twin Cites: Another Look, Trends Affecting Our Community Through 2000," United Way of Minneapolis Area, Minneapolis, Minnesota (1995).

27. Adams, John and VanDrasek, Barbara; Minneapolis-St. Paul: People, Place, and Public Life, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (1993).

28. McIntire, Shelly; "Statistics on American Indians in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Area," (September 1994).

29. Metropolitan Council; "Data-Log: Minority Population Distribution Trends in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area," (October 1993).

30. American Indian Learning Resource Center; "Native American Resource Directory," University of Minnesota (February 1994).

31. Minneapolis-St. Paul: People, Place, and Public Life.

32. 1990 Census: St. Paul Planning Districts.

33. Minneapolis-St. Paul: People, Place, and Public Life.

34. American Indian Learning Resource Center; "Native American Resource Directory."

35. Cohen, Felix S., Handbook of Federal Indian Law (1982), pp. 217-225.

36. Worcester v. Georgia 31 U.S. 515, 528 (1832).

37. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife v. Klamath Indian Tribe, 473 U.S. 753, 766, 105 S. Ct. 3420, 87 L.Ed2d 542 (1985).

38. U.S. v. Dion, 476 U.S. 734, 740, 106 S. Ct. 2216 (1986).

39. Rosebud Sioux Tribe v. Kneip 430 U.S. 584, 97S.Ct. 1361 and Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553, 566 (1903).

40. Menominee Tribe of Indians v. United States, 391 U.S. 404, 88 S.Ct. 1705 (1968).

41. Black's Law Dictionary, 1252 (5th ed. 1979).

42. Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191, 209 (1978).

43. Russell Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1942, University of Oklahoma Press (Norman, 1987).

44. United States v. Winans, 198 U.S. 371 (1905).

45. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) at 17-20 (1831).

46. National Conference of State Legislatures, Tribal Sovereignty (Jeanette Wolfley and Susan Johnson, 1996).

47. The New York Times, March 9, 1998.

48. Minnesota Statutes, chapter 128B. The Pine Point school district receives special consideration in Minnesota Statutes. The school is a public school, but the state allows the White Earth Reservation Tribal Council to act as a school board. The 1997 Legislature repealed the sunset of the Pine Point school district making its status permanent.

49. The state Board of Education recently voted to terminate Grades 7 through 12 of the Dakota Open Charter School. The charter school will remain open to operate grades kindergarten through 6 under audit of the board.

50. Minnesota Statutes, sections 126.45 to 126.55.

51. Minnesota Statutes, section 126.48.

52. 1997 Minnesota Laws, First Special Session, chapter 4, article 2, section 51, subdivision 3.

53. Minnesota Statutes, section 124.481.

54. Minnesota Statutes, section 124.48.

55. Minnesota Statutes, section 125.62.

56. Minnesota Statutes, section 126.51.

57. Minnesota High School Graduates and Dropouts, Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning, 1994-95.

58. 25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.

59. Minnesota Statutes, section 124.86.

60. American Indian Law Desk Book, (Julie Wrend and Clay Smith, ed.) 98, 102 (1993); Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191, 208 (1978).

61. Bryan v. Itasca County, 426 U.S. 373 (1976).

62. 25 U.S.C., sectionesw 1322 (c).

63. State v. Stone, 572 N.W.2d 725 (Minn. 1997) and State v. Robinson, 572 N.W.2d 720 (Minn. 1997).

64. 555 N.W.2d 284 (Minn. 1996).

65. 1. State v. Clark, 282 NW 2d 902 (Minn. (1979), Cert. Denied, 445 U.S. 904 (1980).

66. ^2.^{Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians v. Herbst}^{, 334 F.Supp. 1001 (D.Minn. 1971) and White Earth}

^{Band of Chippewa v. Alexander}^{, 683 F.2d 1129 (8th Cir. 1982), cert. Denied, 459 U.S. 1070, 103 S.
Ct. 488}^.
67. 3. Mille Lacs Band v. State of Minnesota.
68. 4. Minnesota Statutes, section 97A.157.
69. 5. Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians v. Herbst, 344 F.Supp. 101 (D.Minn 1971).
70. 6. Minnesota Statutes, section 97A.151.
71. 7. Minnesota Statutes, section 97A.161.
72. 8. Written Submission of Hubert H. Humphrey, III, Attorney General State of Minnesota to the United States Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, regarding S.885. November 17, 1983.
73. 9. The most noted case was State of Minnesota v. Zay Zah, 259 NW 2d 580 (1977). Under this case, the Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that the "Clapp Amendment" could not allow the U.S. Department of Interior to terminate a trustee relationship. The court determined that the land under dispute did not forfeit to the State of Minnesota for nonpayment of taxes.
74. 10. Laws 1984, Chapter 539.
75. 11. Committee Report on S. 1396 from the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, March 10, 1986.
76. 12. Public Law 99-264.
77. 13. Laws of Minnesota 1986, Chapter 429, section 2.
78. 14. Minnesota Statutes, section 307.08.
79. 15. Laws of Minnesota 1990, Chapter 565, section 18.
80. Act of August 15, 1953, Pub.L. No. 83-280, 67 Stat. 588, as amended by the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968, Pub.L. No. 90-284, 82 Stat. 78.
81. California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202, 209 (1987).
82. State v. Stone, 572 N.W.2d 725 (Minn. 1997).
83. California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987).
84. Moe v. Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes, 425 U.S. 463 (1976) (state tax on sales of cigarettes to non-tribal members on tribal lands upheld).
85. Blue Legs v. U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 867 F.2d 1094, 1096 (8th Cir. 1989).
86. Id. at 1096.
87. Id.
88. Id. at 1098.
89. "Working Effectively with Tribal Governments," Participant Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Training Seminar, Chapter 3, August 1996 (http://www.epa.gov/indian/train.htm).
90. Id.
91. Id.
92. Id.
93. Id.
94. 42 U.S.C.A. Sec. 300J-11 (1991 and Supp. 1997).
95. "Working Effectively with Tribal Governments," Participant Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Training Seminar, Ch. 3, Pt. IV, Paragraph E, August 1996 (http://www.epa.gov/indian/train.htm).
96. Montana v. United States, 450 U.S. at 565-66.
97. Beverly M. Conerton, "Tribal 'Treatment as a State' Under Federal Environmental Laws," National Environmental Enforcement Journal at 11 (November 1997).
98. State of Montana v. U.S. EPA, 137 F. 3rd 1135 (9th Cir. 1998).
99. Beverly M. Conerton, "Tribal 'Treatment as a State' Under Federal Environmental Laws," National Environmental Enforcement Journal at 12 (November 1997).
100. Cooperative Agreement between Grand Portage Band of Chippewa and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (July 16, 1996).
101. Telephone conversation with Diane Nelson, Water Division, State and Tribal Branch, EPA Region Five, November 1997.
102. U.S.C., section 1915,

103. Minnesota Statutes, section 257.35.

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American Indian Communities in Minnesota Footnotes

American Indian Communities in Minnesota
Footnotes